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Exploring partisans’ biased and unreliable media consumption and their misinformed health-related beliefs
Natasha Strydhorst, Javier Morales-Riech and Asheley R. Landrum
This study explores U.S. adults’ media consumption—in terms of the average bias and reliability of the media outlets participants report referencing—and the extent to which those participants hold inaccurate beliefs about COVID-19 and vaccination. Notably, we used a novel means of capturing the (left-right) bias and reliability of audiences’ media consumption, leveraging the Ad Fontes Media ratings of 129 news sources along each dimension.

Assessing misinformation recall and accuracy perceptions: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Sarah E. Kreps and Douglas L. Kriner
Misinformation is ubiquitous; however, the extent and heterogeneity in public uptake of it remains a matter of debate. We address these questions by exploring Americans’ ability to recall prominent misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with accuracy perceptions of these claims.

Support for “doing your own research” is associated with COVID-19 misperceptions and scientific mistrust
Sedona Chinn and Ariel Hasell
Amid concerns about misinformation online and bias in news, there are increasing calls on social media to “do your own research.” In an abundant information environment, critical media consumption and information validation are desirable. However, using panel survey data, we find that positive perceptions toward “doing your own research” are associated with holding more misperceptions about COVID-19 and less trust in science over time.

Hide and seek: The connection between false beliefs and perceptions of government transparency
Mathieu Lavigne, Éric Bélanger, Richard Nadeau, Jean-François Daoust and Erick Lachapelle
This research examines how false beliefs shape perceptions of government transparency in times of crisis. Measuring transparency perceptions using both closed- and open-ended questions drawn from a Canadian panel survey, we show that individuals holding false beliefs about COVID-19 are more likely to have negative perceptions of government transparency.

Leveraging infodemiologists to counteract online misinformation: Experience with COVID-19 vaccines
Jack M. Gorman and David A. Scales
In the new information environment represented by the internet and social media platforms, information of public health importance is transmitted rapidly by decentralized, interpersonal networks rather than through traditional sources like public health officials or professional journalists, thus requiring a new approach to counteracting misinformation.

Vaccine hesitancy in online spaces: A scoping review of the research literature, 2000-2020
Timothy Neff, Jonas Kaiser, Irene Pasquetto, Dariusz Jemielniak, Dimitra Dimitrakopoulou, Siobhan Grayson, Natalie Gyenes, Paola Ricaurte, Javier Ruiz-Soler and Amy Zhang
We review 100 articles published from 2000 to early 2020 that research aspects of vaccine hesitancy in online communication spaces and identify several gaps in the literature prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. These gaps relate to five areas: disciplinary focus; specific vaccine, condition, or disease focus; stakeholders and implications; research methodology; and geographical coverage.

Propaganda
Constructing a suitable platform for public health: Radio propaganda, instruction, and “The case of Elisa Cedillo”
Sonia Robles
The Mexican government communicated public health information in the early 20th century during radio programs dedicated to women. Turning to a platform committed to instruction and cultural programming, it publicized health education bulletins, which were sandwiched between weather reports and on-air cooking classes.

Elections
COVID-19 misinformation and the 2020 U.S. presidential election
Emily Chen, Herbert Chang, Ashwin Rao, Kristina Lerman, Geoffrey Cowan and Emilio Ferrara
Voting is the defining act for a democracy. However, voting is only meaningful if public deliberation is grounded in veritable and equitable information. This essay investigates the politicization of public health practices during the Democratic primaries in the context of the 2020 U.S.

The different forms of COVID-19 misinformation and their consequences
Adam M. Enders, Joseph E. Uscinski, Casey Klofstad and Justin Stoler
As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, an understanding of the structure and organization of beliefs in pandemic conspiracy theories and misinformation becomes increasingly critical for addressing the threat posed by these dubious ideas. In polling Americans about beliefs in 11 such ideas, we observed clear groupings of beliefs that correspond with different individual-level characteristics (e.g.,