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Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online
Ziv Epstein, Adam J. Berinsky, Rocky Cole, Andrew Gully, Gordon Pennycook and David G. Rand
Recent research suggests that shifting users’ attention to accuracy increases the quality of news they subsequently share online. Here we help develop this initial observation into a suite of deployable interventions for practitioners. We ask (i) how prior results generalize to other approaches for prompting users to consider accuracy, and (ii) for whom these prompts are more versus less effective.
Where’s the fake news at? European news consumers’ perceptions of misinformation across information sources and topics
Michael Hameleers, Anna Brosius and Claes H. de Vreese
This study indicates that news users across ten different European countries are quite concerned about misinformation in their information environment. Respondents are most likely to associate politicians, corporations, and foreign actors with misinformation. They perceive misinformation to be most common for topics like immigration, the economy, and the environment.
The presence of unexpected biases in online fact-checking
Sungkyu Park, Jaimie Yejean Park, Jeong-han Kang and Meeyoung Cha
The increasing amount of information online makes it challenging to judge what to believe or discredit. Fact-checking unverified claims shared on platforms, like social media, can play a critical role in correcting misbeliefs. The current study demonstrates how the effect of fact-checking can vary by several factors.

Research note: The scale of Facebook’s problem depends upon how ‘fake news’ is classified
Richard Rogers
Ushering in the contemporary ‘fake news’ crisis, Craig Silverman of Buzzfeed News reported that it outperformed mainstream news on Facebook in the three months prior to the 2016 US presidential elections. Here the report’s methods and findings are revisited for 2020.

COVID-19
The causes and consequences of COVID-19 misperceptions: Understanding the role of news and social media
Aengus Bridgman, Eric Merkley, Peter John Loewen, Taylor Owen, Derek Ruths, Lisa Teichmann and Oleg Zhilin
We investigate the relationship between media consumption, misinformation, and important attitudes and behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We find that comparatively more misinformation circulates on Twitter, while news media tends to reinforce public health recommendations like social distancing. We find that exposure to social media is associated with misperceptions regarding basic facts about COVID-19 while the inverse is true for news media.
Misinformation in action: Fake news exposure is linked to lower trust in media, higher trust in government when your side is in power
Katherine Ognyanova, David Lazer, Ronald E. Robertson and Christo Wilson
One major concern about fake news is that it could damage the public trust in democratic institutions. We examined this possibility using longitudinal survey data combined with records of online behavior. Our study found that online misinformation was linked to lower trust in mainstream media across party lines.

COVID-19
The relation between media consumption and misinformation at the outset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the US
Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Dolores Albarracín
A US national probability-based survey during the early days of the SARS-CoV-2 spread in the US showed that, above and beyond respondents’ political party, mainstream broadcast media use (e.g., NBC News) correlated with accurate information about the disease’s lethality, and mainstream print media use (e.g.,
Pausing to consider why a headline is true or false can help reduce the sharing of false news
Lisa Fazio
In an online experiment, participants who paused to explain why a headline was true or false indicated that they were less likely to share false information compared to control participants. Their intention to share accurate news stories was unchanged. These results indicate that adding “friction” (i.e.,
“Fake news” may have limited effects beyond increasing beliefs in false claims
Andrew M. Guess, Dominique Lockett, Benjamin Lyons, Jacob M. Montgomery, Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler
Since 2016, there has been an explosion of interest in misinformation and its role in elections. Research by news outlets, government agencies, and academics alike has shown that millions of Americans have been exposed to dubious political news online. However, relatively little research has focused on documenting the effects of consuming this content.